On October 10, 2025, Italy enacted Law No. 132/2025 on artificial intelligence, becoming the first EU Member State to adopt comprehensive national legislation complementing the AI Act.
This move raises a serious constitutional question: can Member States successfully navigate the tension between European harmonization and national constitutional identity in AI governance?
Author's summary: Italy's AI law raises concerns about EU digital sovereignty.
This pioneering approach may risk triggering regulatory fragmentation that the AI Act was designed to prevent.